[
  {
    "slug": "darpa-robotics-challenge-2015",
    "name": "DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals 2015",
    "organizer": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)",
    "date": "2015-06-05",
    "location": "Fairplex, Pomona, California, US",
    "rules_url": "https://www.darpa.mil/news/2015/robotics-challenge-finals",
    "autonomy_rule": {
      "value": "mixed",
      "source": {
        "url": "https://www.darpa.mil/news/2015/robotics-challenge-finals",
        "quote": "the DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC) Finals, a competition of robots and their human supervisors to be held June 5-6, 2015, at Fairplex in Pomona, Calif.",
        "accessed": "2026-09-21"
      }
    },
    "source": {
      "url": "https://www.darpa.mil/news/2015/robotics-challenge-finals",
      "quote": "the DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC) Finals, a competition of robots and their human supervisors to be held June 5-6, 2015, at Fairplex in Pomona, Calif.",
      "accessed": "2026-09-21"
    },
    "notes": [
      "Seven of the 25 competing teams used the (hydraulic) Boston Dynamics Atlas robot, including Team IHMC's second-place 'Running Man' (kaist.ac.kr, dvidshub.net, accessed 2026-09-21). That Atlas generation is a different, discontinued platform from the all-electric Atlas in this dataset (boston-dynamics-atlas-electric), unveiled by Boston Dynamics in 2024 as its successor -- so no result entry is recorded against that robot record for this event. Event kept for reference and to document why it is excluded rather than silently omitted.",
      "Supervised, intermittently-degraded network links between operators and robots were a core rule of this DRC (simulating disaster-response conditions), making autonomy genuinely mixed/task-dependent rather than a single fixed value -- recorded here as 'mixed'."
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "beijing-etown-half-marathon-2025",
    "name": "Beijing E-Town Half-Marathon (humanoid robot division)",
    "organizer": "Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area (Beijing E-Town / Yizhuang)",
    "date": "2025-04-19",
    "location": "Beijing E-Town (Yizhuang), China",
    "rules_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_E-Town_Half-Marathon",
    "autonomy_rule": {
      "value": "unknown",
      "source": {
        "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/china-robots-race-humans-half-marathon-rcna195586",
        "quote": "Midway through the race, some robots became too 'tired' to continue on their own, and their human operators had to guide them with leashes.",
        "accessed": "2026-09-21"
      }
    },
    "source": {
      "url": "https://news.cgtn.com/news/2025-04-19/-Tiangong-Ultra-wins-world-s-first-ever-humanoid-robot-half-marathon-1CHdanwJVzG/p.html",
      "quote": "The 'Tiangong Ultra' humanoid robot wins the world's first humanoid robot half marathon in Beijing, China, April 19, 2025.",
      "accessed": "2026-09-21"
    },
    "notes": [
      "21 humanoid robots started alongside human runners over the 21.0975 km course; only 6 reached the finish line within the 3h10m time limit (nbcnews.com, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_E-Town_Half-Marathon, accessed 2026-09-21).",
      "No single published rule fixes autonomy for this event: entrants ranged from fully remote-controlled to more autonomous locomotion, and operators were allowed to intervene (e.g. leashes) when a robot could not continue -- recorded here as 'unknown' at the event level; per-robot autonomy is on each result entry."
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "robocup-2025-humanoid-adultsize",
    "name": "RoboCup 2025 Humanoid League, AdultSize",
    "organizer": "RoboCup Federation",
    "date": "2025-07-21",
    "location": "Salvador, Brazil",
    "rules_url": "https://humanoid.robocup.org/robocup-2025/schedule-and-results-rc-hl-2025/",
    "autonomy_rule": {
      "value": "autonomous",
      "source": {
        "url": "https://humanoid.robocup.org/",
        "quote": "In the Humanoid League, autonomous robots with a human-like body plan and human-like senses play soccer against each other.",
        "accessed": "2026-09-21"
      }
    },
    "source": {
      "url": "https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202507/25/WS6882e633a310ad07b5d91f03.html",
      "quote": "Tsinghua's Hephaestus team beat China Agricultural University's Mountain & Sea team 5:3 in the finals",
      "accessed": "2026-09-21"
    },
    "notes": [
      "RoboCup's Humanoid League rulebook requires autonomous play (tele-operation is barred except for a safety e-stop), unlike the World Humanoid Robot Games and the Beijing half marathon, which allow or expect human remote control -- this is the one tracked event with a hard autonomy rule rather than a mixed or unclear one."
    ]
  },
  {
    "slug": "world-humanoid-robot-games-2025",
    "name": "World Humanoid Robot Games 2025",
    "organizer": "World Humanoid Robot Sports Federation, with the Beijing Municipal People's Government, China Media Group, the World Robot Cooperation Organization, and the RoboCup Asia-Pacific Confederation Board of Trustees",
    "date": "2025-08-15",
    "location": "Beijing, China (National Speed Skating Oval)",
    "rules_url": "https://www.whrgoc.com/",
    "autonomy_rule": {
      "value": "mixed",
      "source": {
        "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/inaugural-world-humanoid-robot-games-step-into-the-spotlight/",
        "quote": "autonomously controlled robots were given a 0.8 time-coefficient advantage",
        "accessed": "2026-09-21"
      }
    },
    "source": {
      "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/world-humanoid-robot-games/",
      "quote": "most of the robot's actions throughout the games were executed by remote control",
      "accessed": "2026-09-21"
    },
    "notes": [
      "280 teams from 16 countries competed in 487 matches across 26 events, August 15-17, 2025 (therobotreport.com, accessed 2026-09-21).",
      "Autonomy is mixed by design: entries run without remote control get a 0.8x time-coefficient scoring bonus in timed events, but most competitors at this first edition still relied on teleoperation for most of their actions; X-Humanoid's Tiangong is reported as the only entrant that ran entirely on its own (interestingengineering.com, accessed 2026-09-21). Per-result autonomy is recorded on each result entry rather than assumed from the event default alone."
    ]
  }
]